2020/06/09

[C] Simple state machine with pthread support 


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#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>

#if 1
#define DPRINTF(format, ...) do { \
	printf(format, ## __VA_ARGS__); \
	} while(0)
#else
#define DPRINTF(format, ...) do {} while(0)
#endif

#define SM_CONTINUE	1
#define SM_STOP		0
#define MAX_THREAD	10

enum STATE {
	ST_NULL=0,
	ST_1,
	ST_2,
	ST_MAX,
};

struct STATE_INFO {
	int threadIndex;
	enum STATE state;
	char wait;
};

struct STATE_MACHINE {
	enum STATE state;
	int (*stFunc) (struct STATE_INFO *sInfo);
};

int st1 (struct STATE_INFO *sInfo);
int st2 (struct STATE_INFO *sInfo);

struct STATE_MACHINE statemachineList[ST_MAX] = {
	{ST_1,		st1},
	{ST_2,		st2},
};

pthread_t tid[MAX_THREAD]={0};

void threadWaitReady(struct STATE_INFO *sInfo) {
	while (sInfo->wait) {
		usleep(100);
	}
}

int statemachineFindIndexByState(enum STATE state)
{
	int i, index=-1;
	int stCount = sizeof(statemachineList)/sizeof(struct STATE_MACHINE);
	
	for(i=0; i<stCount; i++) {
		if (statemachineList[i].state == state) {
			index = i;
			i = stCount;
		}
	}
	return index;
}

void * statemachineMain(void *arg)
{
	struct STATE_INFO sInfo, *ssInfo;
	int stateIndex;
	char resume=SM_CONTINUE;

	pthread_detach(pthread_self());
	memcpy(&sInfo, arg, sizeof(sInfo));
	ssInfo = arg;
	ssInfo->wait = 0;
	DPRINTF("t[%d] [%s] start statemachine with state %d\n", sInfo.threadIndex, __func__, sInfo.state);
	while (resume != SM_STOP) {
		stateIndex = statemachineFindIndexByState(sInfo.state);
		if (-1 == stateIndex) {
			resume = SM_STOP;
		} else {
			if (statemachineList[stateIndex].stFunc)
			{
				resume = statemachineList[stateIndex].stFunc(&sInfo);
			} else {
				resume = SM_STOP;
				DPRINTF("t[%d] [%s] state %d without callback function\n", sInfo.threadIndex, __func__, sInfo.state);
			}
		}
	}
	tid[sInfo.threadIndex] = 0;
	pthread_exit(NULL);
}

int threadFindFree (void)
{
	int i, retval=-1;
	for (i=0; i<MAX_THREAD; i++) {
		if (0 == tid[i]) {
			retval = i;
			break;
		}
	}
	return retval;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct STATE_INFO sInfo;
	int i, tIndex;
	
	i=0;
	while(1) {
		bzero(&sInfo, sizeof(sInfo));
		sInfo.threadIndex = threadFindFree();
		if (-1 != sInfo.threadIndex) {
			++i;
			i %= ST_MAX;
			sInfo.state = i;
			sInfo.wait = 1;
			if(pthread_create(&tid[sInfo.threadIndex], NULL, statemachineMain, (void*) &sInfo) != 0 ) {
				tid[sInfo.threadIndex] = 0;
				DPRINTF("t[%d] [%s] Failed to create thread\n", sInfo.threadIndex , __func__);
			} else {
				threadWaitReady(&sInfo);
			}
		}
		usleep(1234567);
	}
}

int st1 (struct STATE_INFO *sInfo)
{
	DPRINTF("t[%d] [%s]\n", sInfo->threadIndex, __func__);
	sInfo->state = ST_2;
	usleep(1000000);
	return SM_CONTINUE;
}

int st2 (struct STATE_INFO *sInfo)
{
	DPRINTF("t[%d] [%s]\n", sInfo->threadIndex, __func__);
	sInfo->state = ST_1;
	usleep(2000000);
	return SM_CONTINUE;
}

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2020/05/26

Linux shell to access tcp connection.

Open a new connection 
1
exec FILE_DESCRIPTOR<>/dev/PROTOCOL/HOST/PORT
FILE_DESCRIPTOR: 0=stdin, 1=stdout, 2=stderr. So you can use numbers larger than 3.
PROTOCOL: tcp or udp
HOST: Host name or IP address.
PORT: Host listen port.


Send message
1
echo -e "MESSAGE" >&FILE_DESCRIPTOR
MESSAGE: The message which you want to send.
FILE_DESCRIPTOR: File descriptor when creating the connection..


Receive message
1
timeout SECOND cat <&FILE_DESCRIPTOR
SECOND: Wait SECOND seconds and then time out.
FILE_DESCRIPTOR: File descriptor when creating the connection..


Close connection
1
exec FILE_DESCRIPTOR<&-
FILE_DESCRIPTOR: File descriptor when creating the connection..


Example
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exec 3<>/dev/tcp/192.168.5.250/1539
sleep 1
echo -e "test" >&3
timeout 5 cat <&3
sleep 1
echo -e "exit" >&3
timeout 5 cat <&3
sleep 1
exec 3<&-
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[C] Simple daemon example with multiple connections 


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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define PORT 1539
#define MAX_CLIENT 32

// connection information
struct connectInfo {
	int socket;
	int index;
};

// pthread_mutex_t lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_t tid[MAX_CLIENT]={0};

// Each connection creates a pthread to handle communication.
void * sThread(void *arg)
{
	char message[64], retmsg[64];
	struct connectInfo *cInfo = (struct connectInfo *)arg;
	int nSocket = cInfo->socket;

	pthread_detach(pthread_self());
	int resume=1, i;
	struct timeval timeout;
	fd_set fds;
	
	FD_ZERO(&fds);
	FD_SET(nSocket, &fds);
	
	while (resume) {
		// reset timer
		timeout.tv_sec = 300;
		timeout.tv_usec = 0;
		
		// receive message with timeout control.
		i = select(nSocket+1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
		if (0 == i) {
			printf("[%d] timeout\n", nSocket);
			resume = 0;
		} else if (-1 == i) {
			printf("[%d] got error\n", nSocket);
			resume = 0;
		} else {
			// The message still needs to be retrieved by recv.
			recv(nSocket , message , sizeof(message) , 0);
			printf("[%d] got message %s\n", nSocket, message);
			//pthread_mutex_lock(&lock);
			/*                         */
			//pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock);
			if (strncmp (message, "exit" , 4) == 0 ) {
				sprintf(retmsg, "bye");
				resume = 0;
			} else {
				sprintf(retmsg, "I got %s", message);
			}
			// Reply message to the other side.
			send(nSocket, retmsg, sizeof(retmsg), 0);
		}
	}
	// close connection
	close(nSocket);
	// release tid
	tid[cInfo->index] = 0;
	// exit pthread
	pthread_exit(NULL);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int sSocket, nSocket, i;
	struct sockaddr_in s_in;
	struct sockaddr_storage s_storage;
	socklen_t addr_size;
	struct connectInfo cInfo[MAX_CLIENT];
	
	sSocket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	
	// Set daemon to listen on port 1539 to any address 
	s_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
	s_in.sin_port = htons(PORT);
	s_in.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	memset(s_in.sin_zero, '\0', sizeof s_in.sin_zero);
	bind(sSocket, (struct sockaddr *) &s_in, sizeof(s_in));

	// start listen.
	if(listen(sSocket, MAX_CLIENT)==0) {
		printf("Listening\n");
	} else {
		printf("Listen Fail\n");
		exit(-1);
	}

	i = 0;
	while (1) {
		addr_size = sizeof(s_storage);
		nSocket = accept(sSocket, (struct sockaddr *) &s_storage, &addr_size);
		if (-1 == nSocket) {	//accept return error
			continue;
		}

		// when got a new connection, find an empty tid to create a new pthread.
		for (i=0; i<MAX_CLIENT; i++) {
			if (0 == tid[i]) {
				cInfo.socket = nSocket;
				cInfo.index = i;
				if( pthread_create(&tid[i], NULL, sThread, (void*) &cInfo[i]) != 0 ) {
					printf("Failed to create thread\n");
				} else {
					i = MAX_CLIENT+1;
				}
			}
		}
		
		if (MAX_CLIENT == i) {
			printf("No more free thread.\n");
			close(nSocket);
		}
	}
}
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2020/01/08

[bash] Check if the IP address is used 


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#!/bin/bash
[ 1 -ne $# ] && {
        echo "Syntax: $0 ip_address"
        exit 0
}

ping -c1 -W1 $1 >/dev/null

ret=$(arp -n | grep "$1" | grep "(incomplete)")
[ -n "$ret" ] &&
{
        echo "$1 unused"
} || {
        echo "$1 used"
}

Line 2~5: Avoid no parameters.
Line 7: Use ping to learn arp.
Line 9~15: Check arp table and echo message.
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2019/08/30

Use netstat to find out specific port listened by which process.


 First look at the syntax of netstate.
BusyBox v1.25.1 (2019-08-07 15:22:35 CST) multi-call binary.
Usage: netstat [-ral] [-tuwx] [-enWp]
Display networking information
-r Routing table
-a All sockets
-l Listening sockets
Else: connected sockets
-t TCP sockets
-u UDP sockets
-w Raw sockets
-x Unix sockets
Else: all socket types
-e Other/more information
-n Don't resolve names
-W Wide display
-p Show PID/program name for sockets

I want to know which port softethervpn listens to.
Execute command: netstat -alnp | grep vpnserver
root@AtopTechnologies:~# netstat -alnp | grep vpnserver
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:33147           0.0.0.0:*                           4007/vpnserver
udp        0      0 192.168.5.143:1194      0.0.0.0:*                           4007/vpnserver
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:1194          0.0.0.0:*                           4007/vpnserver
udp        0      0 192.168.1.1:1194        0.0.0.0:*                           4007/vpnserver
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:63972           0.0.0.0:*                           4007/vpnserver
udp        0      0 ::1:1194                :::*                                4007/vpnserver
udp        0      0 fe80::8ee7:48ff:fe00:1:1194 :::*                                4007/vpnserver
udp        0      0 fe80::8ee7:48ff:fe00:0:1194 :::*                                4007/vpnserver
It is listen UDP port 1194, same as openVPN.
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